Sonographic correlations between intravesical prostatic protrusion and bladder outlet obstruction in patients with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia in Ibadan, Nigeria

Evaluating bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in patients with prostatic enlargement may reflect the severity of the disease and aid in predicting the treatment outcome. Objectives: To determine the sonological correlation between intravesical prostatic protrusion and bladder outlet obstruction in patients with symptomatic benign prostatic enlargement. Methods: This prospective study was conducted over one year at the Department of Radiology, University College Hospital, Ibadan. A transabdominal ultrasound scan of the urinary bladder and prostate gland was carried out on patients with prostatic enlargement and BOO. The intravesical prostatic protrusion, pre-and post-void urine volumes, prostate volume and bladder wall thickness were measured. Results: A total of 132 men aged 43 to 90 years (mean age: 63.8±8.64 years) were studied. The median size of the intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP) was 7.25 mm (IQR: 0.00 mm; 14.9 mm). The mean prostate volume was 63.3ml±36.0ml. Most subjects (55; 41.7%) had a prostate volume above 60ml, and most patients (101, 77.2%) had bladder wall thickness less than 5mm. The mean bladder wall thickness was 4.26mm±1.54mm. There was a statistically significant correlation between IPP and pre-void urine volume and prostate volume (p = 0.002 and <0.001, respectively). Patients over 70 years had increasing IPP and post-void urine, which lacked statistical significance (p =0.15). Conclusion: The severity of bladder outlet obstruction was reflected in the pre-void urine volume, which correlated with the size of IPP

Ultrasound Prevalence of Gallstone Disease in Diabetic Patients at Ibadan; Nigeria

Background: Gallstones (GS) in the gallbladder (GB) can be responsible for a whole spectrum of disease entities which may lead to a surgical emergency with high mortality. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a debilitating disease that affects all systems in the body; and literature documents a higher incidence of gallstone disease (GSD) and its complications in diabetics than in the non-diabetic population. Most local studies on the association between GS formation and DM have focused on type 2 diabetics. This study was therefore designed to determine the prevalence of GS in both type 1 and type 2 DM and elucidate the demographic and social factors associated with formation of GS in diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: Four hundred diabetic patients aged between 15 and 82 years had abdominal ultrasound to diagnose or exclude the presence of GS. Results: GS was found in 70 (17.5) of the 400 patients. Positive cases had a male to female ratio of 3:4 and 59 (51.92) were above the age of 40 years with type 2 DM. Body mass index (BMI) greater than 25 kg/m 2 was seen in 56 (48.3) patients; smoking and alcohol intake were insignificantly implicated. Jaundice was recorded in 8 (11.4) while abdominal pain was in 24 (34.3) patients; and 52 (74.3) patients of those with GSD had had diabetes for more than 4 years. Conclusion: GSD in DM is influenced significantly by age; BMI; and duration of the disease; while gender; social factors; and parity do not influence as strong associated factors